MAJORS
BIOLOGISTS
Biologists study the origin,
development, anatomy, function, distribution, and other basic principles
of plant and animal life. Biologists may work in research, manufacturing,
teaching, and natural resource management, consulting, or a combination
of these and some work in the laboratory as well as in the classroom.
Biologists are usually classified according to a specialty (fisheries,
marine, wildlife, etc.). (Eureka)
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BIOTECHNOLOGISTS
Biotechnologists use living cells and materials to create
pharmaceutical, diagnostic, agricultural, environmental, and other products
to benefit society. They also alter genetic information in animals and
plants to improve them in some way that benefits people. The science of
biotechnology involves the integration of such advanced disciplines as
biochemistry, genetics, chemical engineering, process engineering, and
computer science. (Amgen)
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CHEMISTS
Chemists study the properties of matter and make qualitative
and quantitative analysis of many substances. They conduct a variety of
experiments and tests in laboratory to develop new knowledge or maintain
control over the quality of existing products and procedures. There are
different types of chemists: Physical chemists study the physical characteristics
and investigate the reactions of atoms and molecules; they seek quantitative
explanations stated in precise mathematical terms. Analytical chemists
determine the composition of substances, measure trace contaminants, and
separate complicated mixtures into their components. Some forensic scientists
are chemists. Organic chemists deal with the preparation, reactions, and
properties of both natural and synthetic carbon compounds. Inorganic chemists
are concerned with the broad range of compounds that form the 105 known
elements; Biochemist study the chemistry of living systems which is the
reactions and processes that occur in the cells of plants and animals.
Almost any chemist can be involved in research tasks. Specialties include
agricultural chemists, clinical chemists, geochemists, spectroscopists,
and toxicologists. (Eureka)
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COMPUTER SCIENTISTS (PROGRAMMERS)
Computer programmers write and maintain computer programs.
They follow programming procedures to write detailed instructions to the
computer to solve storage, processing, retrieval, mathematical, business,
engineering, and scientific problems. They determine the best use of the
computer to achieve the desired output. They write programs using a computer
language. They test these programs for "bugs" and correct errors. They
maintain programs and make changes to these programs. They document the
process, prepare information about the computer, and write instructions
for the Computer Operator and Computer User. Basically there are four
types of Programmers: Business, Scientific, Systems, and Web Programmers.
Web Programmers are responsible for program design, coding, testing, debugging,
and documentation. They devise or modify procedures to solve complex problems
concerning equipment capacity and limitations. (Eureka)
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DRAFTERS
Also called CAD Drafters, they translate the ideas and rough
sketches of State Board of Registration for Professional Engineers and
Architects into detailed drawings, which enable workers to manufacture
the product according to the designer’s concept. Drafters utilize various
machines, drafting tools, engineering practices and math to complete drawings.
Most drafters specialize in particular fields such as Architectural Drafting,
Electronic, Mechanical Drafting, or Cartography. Drafters may perform
a variety of tasks such as using computers to do their work and word processing
to produce reports. Specialties: Computer-Assisted Drafters, and Electronic
Drafters. (Eureka)
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ENGINEERING AND DESIGN OCCUPATIONS
People in Engineering and Design Occupations use their
scientific and design skills to plan buildings, machinery, and other structures.
They may also become consulting Engineers. Specialties: Aerospace, Agricultural,
Biomedical, Cartographers, Ceramic, Chemical, Civil, Computer, Drafters,
Electrical and Electronic, Electro-Optical, Engineering Technician, Environmental,
Hazardous Waste Managers, Human Factors, Industrial, Interior Designers
and Decorators, Landscape, Mechanical, Metallographic Technician, Metallurgical,
Mining, Nondestructive Testers, Nuclear, Petroleum, Quality, Sound, Surveying
and Mapping Technicians, Surveyors and Mapping Scientists, Urban and Regional
Planners.
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GEOLOGISTS
Geologists study the origin, history, composition,
and structure of the earth, both for scientific knowledge and for practical
purposes such as locating oil, minerals, and other raw materials, and
compiling architectural safety reports, maps, and diagrams. Geologists
first locate and obtain physical data such as mineral or fossil specimens.
Next, they use knowledge of Chemistry, Physics, Math, and Biology, usually
in a well-equipped laboratory, to analyze the data and specimens. Finally,
they compile all the knowledge they have gathered into reports for use
by other scientists and engineers. Specialties: Engineering, Space,
Geothermal, Marine, Mineralogy, Mining, and Petroleum.
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Chiropractic
Chiropractors, also know as chiropractic doctors,
diagnose and treat patients whose health problems are associated with
the body’s muscular, nervous, and skeletal systems, especially the spine.
Chiropractors believe interference with these systems impairs normal functions
and lowers resistance to disease. The chiropractic approach to health
care is holistic, stressing the patients overall wellbeing. It recognizes
that many factors affect health, including exercise, diet, rest, environment,
and heredity.
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Dental Hygiene
Dental Hygienists clean teeth and provide other preventative
dental care as well as teach patients how to practice good oral hygiene.
Hygienists examine patient’s teeth and gums, and recording the presence
of diseases and abnormalities.
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Dentistry
Dentists diagnose, prevent, and treat problems of the
teeth and tissues of the mouth. They remove decay and fill cavities, examine
X-rays, place protective plastic sealant on children’s teeth, straighten
teeth, and repair fractured teeth. Most dentists are general practitioners
and other dentists practice in one of eight specialty areas. Orthodontists,
the largest group of specialists, straighten teeth. Oral and Maxillofacial
surgeons operate in the mouth and jaws. The remainder specializes in pediatric
dentistry; periodontics (treating the gums and the bone supporting the
teeth); prosthodontics (making artificial teeth or dentures); endodontics
(root canal therapy); dental public health; and oral pathology (studying
the diseases of the mouth).
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Dietetics and Nutrition
A dietitian is a highly qualified professional, recognized
as an expert on food and nutrition and can be found in a variety of settings.
Management dieticians work in health care institutions, schools, cafeterias,
and restaurants. They are responsible for personnel management, menu planning,
budgeting, and purchasing. Clinical dietitians are a vital part of the
medical team in hospitals, nursing homes, health maintenance organizations,
and other healthcare facilities. They work with doctors, nurses, and therapists
to help speed patients’ recovery and lay the groundwork for long term
health. Opportunities for advancement are available by choosing a particular
area of nutrition, such as diabetes, heart or pediatrics. Community dietitians
work in public and home health agencies, daycare centers, health and recreations
clubs, and in government-funded programs that feed and counsel families,
the elderly, pregnant women, children and disabled or underprivileged
individuals. Wherever proper nutrition can help improve quality of life,
they reach out to the public to teach, monitor and advise. Educator dietitians
work in colleges, universities, and community or technical schools, teaching
future doctors, nurses, dietitians, and dietetic technicians the sophisticated
science of foods and nutrition. Many say they enjoy their role as mentors
who bring qualified students into the exciting field of dietetics. Other
specialties are Research, Consultant, Business, and Technical. (ADA)
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Medicine (MD & DO)
Physicians diagnose illnesses and prescribe and administer treatment
for people suffering from injury or disease. They examine patients; obtain
medical histories; and order, perform, and interpret diagnostic tests.
While MDs and DOs may use all accepted methods of treatments, including
the drugs and surgery, DOs place special emphasis on the body’s musculoskeletal
system. DOs use osteopathic manipulative techniques to diagnose and treat
patients.
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Occupational Therapy
Occupational therapists help individuals with mentally,
physically, developmentally, or emotionally disabling conditions to develop,
recover, or maintain daily living working and work skills. They not only
help patients improve basic motor functions and reasoning abilities but
also compensate for permanent loss of function.
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Optometry
Optometrists examine people’s eyes to diagnose vision
problems and eye diseases. They treat vision problems, and in most States,
they treat certain eye diseases such as conjunctivitis. Click here for
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Pharmacy
Pharmacists dispense drugs prescribed by physicians and
other health practitioners and provide information to patients about medications.
They advise physicians and other health practitioners on the selection,
dosages, interaction, and side effects of medications.
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Physical Therapy
Physical therapists improve mobility, relieve pain,
and prevent or limit physical disabilities of patients suffering from
injuries or disease. Therapists evaluate patients’ medical histories,
test and measure their strength, range of motion, and ability to function,
and develop treatment plans accordingly.
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Catalog
Physician Assistant
Physician Assistants (PAs) support physicians. PAs are
formally trained to provide routine diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventative
health care under the direction and supervision of a physician. They take
medical histories, examine patients, order and interpret laboratory tests
and X-rays, and make preliminary diagnoses. They also treat minor injuries
by suturing, splinting, and casting. In 39 States and the District of
Columbia, physician assistants may prescribe medications. Many PAs works
in primary care areas such as general internal medicine, pediatrics, and
family practice.
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Podiatry
Podiatrists, also known as doctors of podiatric medicine
(DPM’s), diagnose and treat disorders, diseases, and injuries of the foot
and lower leg. They treat corns, calluses, ingrown toenails, bunions,
heel infections, and foot complaints associated with diseases such as
diabetes. To treat these problems, podiatrists prescribe drugs, order
physical therapy, set fractures, and perform surgery.
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MATHEMATICIANS
Mathematicians use symbolic languages to set up and
analyze relationships among quantities and qualities of things, events,
and places. Pure Mathematicians develop the theories to further the science
of mathematics. Applied Mathematicians develop techniques and approaches
to solve problems in natural science, social science, engineering, and
management. Other mathematicians teach. (Eureka)
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PHYSICAL SCIENCE
Physical Science draws from the disciplines of Chemistry
and Physics and explores such phenomenon as motion, force, energy, wave
motion, electricity and magnetism, light, atomic structure, chemical bonding,
and chemical reaction rates and equilibrium. Physical Scientists work
as secondary level schoolteachers, in technical administration, in government
and industry, as legal experts for patents, as scientific librarians and
as scientific journalists.
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PHYSICISTS
Physicists study matter, energy, and the relationships
between them and devise methods to apply laws and theories of Physics
to industry, medicine, and other field. In the solar energy industry traditional
skills are applied to researching materials use. Specialties: Experimental
Physicists, Health Physicists, and Theoretical Physicists. (Eureka)
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